this morning, i researched why my steam wand might be screaching so much and found someone who said that to create foam keep the wand at or just below the surface. this is contrary to a previous resource that said submerge the wand to get microfoam. i pulled 2 lattes today and all i did was keep the wand at or above the milk surface. turns out, i got lots of foam both times. now, is this *excellent* foam? i don’t know. but it’s *significant* foam, for sure. and there was virtually no screaching (granted, i also expelled water/steam before actually steaming milk (like i have been doing to prevent screaching).

note, i also only heated the milk to 150 degrees F instead of 160, and i kept it swirling constantly.